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• #The carbon cycle full

Sabine (NOAA/PMEL), Emission Figure provided by K. The Seattle Metropolitan area is the largest source of fossil fuel emissions in the northwestern United States.Ĭarbon Cycle Figure provided by C. The map below shows that population centers are hot spots for CO 2 emissions. A recent effort by the Vulcan project at Purdue University has made a detailed map of CO 2 emissions in the United States at a 10km by 10km resolution. The largest source of CO 2 to the atmosphere is associated with the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacturing. If that hopper car is about 60 feet long (including the couplings), then a train hauling one petagram of carbon as coal would have to be about 156,500 miles long. One hopper car will hold about 100 tons of coal which is about 80% carbon.

#The carbon cycle full

To put this in perspective, think about a train of railroad hopper cars full of coal. Uncertainties are reported as 90% confidence intervals.Ī petagram is a billion metric tons. Note that the mass balance of the two ocean carbon stocks Surface ocean and Intermediate and deep ocean includes a yearly accumulation of anthropogenic carbon (not shown). The cumulative change of anthropogenic carbon in the terrestrial reservoir is the sum of carbon cumulatively lost through land use change and carbon accumulated since 1750 in other ecosystems. By convention, a positive cumulative change means that a reservoir has gained carbon since 1750.

Red numbers in the reservoirs denote cumulative changes of anthropogenic carbon over the Industrial Period 1750–2011. A carbon atom could spend millions of years moving through Earth in a complex. Carbon makes up Earth's plants and animals, and is also stored in the ocean, the atmosphere, and the crust of the planet. These fluxes are a perturbation of the carbon cycle during Industrial Era post 1750. Carbon is the basic building block of life, and these unique atoms are found everywhere on Earth. Red arrows and numbers indicate annual 'anthropogenic' fluxes averaged over the 2000–2009 time period. Black numbers and arrows indicate reservoir mass and exchange fluxes estimated for the time prior to the Industrial Era, about 1750. Numbers represent reservoir mass, also called 'carbon stocks' in PgC (1 PgC = 10 15 gC) and annual carbon exchange fluxes (in PgC yr –1). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Obtained from IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.